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http://rosellanicolini.com/master/sul_3.pdf#:~:text=The%20idea%20is%20that%20the%20presence%20of%20firms,to%20the%20develop-%20ment%20of%20large%2C%20diverse%20cities.
https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine/why-do-businesses-cluster-together
What are the advantages of industries clustering together? As far back as 1890, the economist Alfred Marshall recognised that cities’ high concentration of people led to two big benefits. The first is lower costs (thanks to shorter distances to transport goods, for example). The second is the smoother flow of information, skills and ideas.
http://econport.gsu.edu/content/handbook/Urbanecon/firmscluster.html
There are many significant reasons why firms would choose to cluster together in a city. The economic forces which cause this clustering are called agglomeration economies . Localization economies are when firms locate within one single industry. Urbanization economies are when firms locate across industry boundaries.
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/10/visualizing-shape-cities-economies/
Four rationales drive these patterns: agglomeration, urbanization, localization economies. and artificial formation. The shadow of the industrial revolution Alfred Marshall made the argument that local concentration of industry can offer powerful economies and technical dynamism and innovation.
https://lawpath.com.au/blog/whats-a-business-cluster-and-why-do-businesses-do-it
Operating in a business cluster can be hard for businesses because of the increased competition. Businesses operating in a cluster all compete for customers, resources, services and talented employees. Commercial Spaces at a Premium. The best office or retail spaces in a cluster area will be even more sought after.
http://blog.memphischamber.com/what-is-an-industry-cluster-and-why-is-it-important
Why choose a cluster strategy for economic development? Cluster collaboration can propel economic growth. A strong collaborative effort between stakeholders in a region’s industry clusters can help strengthen the region’s competitiveness and ultimately economic return for a particular industry.
https://citymonitor.ai/economy/why-do-businesses-continue-cluster-london-4635
In centuries past, businesses clustered together in cities because the goods needed in manufacture were cheaper in cities, and cities provided an accessible market for finished products. But the modern service industries in which London and other global cities specialise in don’t depend on raw goods or access to customers in the same way.
https://www.news-leader.com/story/news/business/2016/04/02/why-do-some-businesses-cluster-together/82434466/
Why do some businesses cluster together? No matter which direction your commute takes you in Springfield, there are strategically placed wayfinding signs that publicize three areas — downtown ...
https://blogs.missouristate.edu/cob/2016/04/04/bears-business-brief-why-do-some-businesses-cluster-together/
Ken Stief determined that three pairs of retailers — Target and Walmart, Starbucks and Dunkin’ Donuts, McDonalds and Burger King — exhibited a particularly strong tendency to co-locate — the “hotelling” effect. More complicated is the case of a new business, opening in Springfield, that needs to determine where it should locate.
https://www.centreforlondon.org/blog/why-businesses-cluster-in-london/
In centuries past, businesses clustered together in cities because the goods needed in manufacturing were cheaper in cities, and cities provided an accessible market for finished products. But the modern service industries which London and other global cities specialise in don’t depend on raw goods or access to customers in the same way; the internet …
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_cluster
A business cluster is a geographic concentration of interconnected businesses, suppliers, and associated institutions in a particular field. Clusters are considered to increase the productivity with which companies can compete, nationally and globally. Accounting is a part of the business cluster. In urban studies, the term agglomeration is used. Clusters are also important aspects …
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